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"the Glorious Past of the Muslims Ummah"
&
Offensive Jihad

While most muslims try hard to paint an image of a non-violent, peaceful initial spread of Islam, a muslim historian - Dr. Moshin Farooqi - doesn't beat around the bush when he describes how the early (and later) muslims attacked, invaded and conquered parts of Europe. He even goes so far as to boast joyfully about the aggressive actions of these muslims as 'the glorious past of the Muslims Ummah'....

So.... the 'peaceful', 'non-violent', 'tolerant' and 'strictly defensive' character of Islam is after all a myth then....?

From: History - index
http://www.jamatdawa.org/english/articles/history/index.htm
Dr Mohsin Farooqi takes a look at the history of Muslim rule in Europe to remind the Muslims Ummah of its glorious past
Mother-site for these quotes:
Jama'at ud Da'awa
http://www.jamatdawa.org/english/jamatdawa/index.htm
Welcome to the Jama'at ud Da'awa Web site. Our goal is to provide you with useful information about our organizations.
Jama'at ud Da'awa has been serving the Muslims of the world for many years.

From: Europe under Muslim rule Part I http://www.jamatdawa.org/english/articles/history/europe_under_islam_i.htm

some quotes: Dr Mohsin Farooqi takes a look at the history of Muslim rule in Europe to remind the Muslims Ummah of its glorious past

Not only the young Muslim generation but also the intellectuals have been suffering from a feeling of inferiority complex. Some of the reasons of this situation might be that our youth are not conscious about the historical facts or it is lack of confidence on the part of Muslim intellectuals or disunity among Muslim countries. They observe the backwardness of Muslim society only and shut their eyes about its magnificent past and potentialities of the present and future.

CYPRUS
In 674 AD, it was raided and in 653 AD Amir Muaviya conquered it and stationed a garrison of 12,000 men on the island. It remained under Muslim rule up to 966 AD.

It was captured by Kara Mustafa again in 1570-71, during the reign of Sultan Selim II.

Greece
Greece started coming under Muslims form 652 and remained as such up to 1918 a period of 1266 years. Rhodes was attacked in 652 AD, during the reign of Amir Muaviya. A Muslim colony was established. Later on it was withdrawn.

It was again conquered by Turks during the reign of Solayman the magnificent in 1532. It was conquered by Muslims from Spain during the period of Khalifa Hakam. It remained under Muslim hands up to 961 when it was taken by Byzantine Empire.

The Island was again attacked by Turks in 1645. The chief city Candia was laid siege to for 25 years.

In 1397, the rest of Greece was conquered during Bayezid I and Greek Empire became a tributary to the Sultan.

ITALY
Sicily was subjected to raids from Muslims in Egypt between 652-70 and even Syracuse, the capital, was laid under tribute but it owed allegiance to the Roman Empire till 826. It was conquered by Moors from North Africa. In 962, the Island was completely Muslim. Their dominance remained upto 1060.

Muslims from Sicily used to attack Calabria, Compania, Brantia, Locania and Appolia in South Italy and occupied them temporarily. If there had been any united leadership of Muslim forces there can be little doubt that the whole of Italy would have fallen to them.

But unfortunately the Amirs of Sicily insisted upon their own independence while the Moors had severed connection with Caliphate of Baghdad and this mutual bickering thwarted the establishment of Muslim rule over the whole of the Italy.

SARDINIA
The first expedition to Sardinia was sent in 707 AD which conquered it. The second was sent by Musa in 712. During the reign of Abdur-Rahman, in 773, Muslims exposed it to attacks. In 808 Spanish Muslims attacked Sardinia but were defeated. In 809, African Muslims attacked and in 820 a Muslim fleet attacked it.

FRANCE
First Attempt:
In 719 Arabs started pouring in Septimania, in southern France. They occupied cities of Carcassone, Narbonne and Avignon in 730. Spain's new Governor Abdul Rahman planned to conquer whole of France and started capturing Geronne and Bourdeaus. He marched forward across river Loire with the object of capturing Tours. He fought a battle in 732 somewhere between Tours and Poiters and was defeated utterly. No further attempt was made by Muslims on this side.

Second attempt:
On the second campaign Muslims attacked the coasts of the Province on the frontier. But the last attack had a much wider expanse and extended from Dauphine right upto the borders of Germany. Province was conquered and the Emirate head quarter was Fraxinet, now the village of Gade Frainet which is situated at the foot of Mt. Alps. The period starts from 889. By the year 906 Muslims crossed the Dauphine, crossing Mont. Cenis and made themselves masters of the Novalese Abbey which was situated in the Valley of Suse on the frontier of Piedmont. In 911, all the passes of Mount Alps between France and Italy were controlled by Muslims.

In 908 Muslim adventures came to the coast of the Longuedoc. In 920 Muslims crossed Pyrenees, laid waste a considerable part of Gascony right upto the gates of Toulouse.

Marseilles and Aix were invaded. In 935, they advanced upto Liguia. In 939, they conquered the district of Valais and Trantaine country fell on their feet and district of Valais and Trantaine country fell on their feet and in 940 Frejus, a port.

Narbonne remained for 40 years. An attempt was made again to capture Narbonne in 1019 AD the Comarague country in South France was under Muslims for some time.

Third Attempt:
In 1003, the Spanish Muslims attacked the neighborhood of Antibes and carried off with them among others a number of clergy. In 1019, Muslims disembarked opposite Narbonne. In 1047 the Island of Lerins which was under Muslim domination 300 years ago was invaded and number of monks were carried away. The incursions into France by sea continued up to the great development of the French Navy and did not really came to an end till the occupation of Algiers by the French in 1832.

BULGARIA
Its occupation by Turkey was started in 1363 but the whole country was conquered by 1393. It remained under Muslim rule for 551 years.

HUNGARY
Since 1393, Bayezed commenced a system of raids into Hungary for plunder only. King of Hungary appealed in 1395 to the Christian powers of Europe and backed by Pope, France, England, Scotland, Italy, Germany, Knights of Jerusalem, Romania and Yugoslavia started in the nature of crusade. This combined force was defeated by Muslims at Nicopolis.

Turks after 1421 were engaged in constant raids into Hungary.

From: Europe under Muslim rule Part IV
http://www.jamatdawa.org/english/articles/history/europe_under_islam_iv.htm

some quotes: Russia, Ukraine And Belo Russia
The southern areas of Azerbaijan, Daghestan, Georgia and Armenia were conquered by Muslim in 641 A.D., and remained under Arabs, Persians and Turks upto 1878 except for intermittent periods.

MALTA
Malta fell to Muslim attacks even before 652 A.D. The hold on Malta was stronger than on Sicily and Muslim influence was more firmly established as the Maltese language is a dialect of Arabic. The island was lost to Islam in 1090. Turks led a naval attack on Malta in 1565. It was attacked again in the same year but Turks could not conquer it although they were masters of Mediterranean Sea. It remained under Muslims for 438 years.

MONACO
The small principality was under Amirate of Fraxinet during 889-975. In the later period it was attacked by Muslims several times.

Rome
In 846 a fleet form the African coast sailed up to Tiber and the Muslim warriors actually entered Rome. The invaders were driven back. But three years later another attack was launched by Aghlabid monarch Muhammad, who sent a fleet form Sardinia. The ships cast anchor 16 miles from Rome and prepared to land troops. By the efforts of Pope Leo IV an alliance of maritime countries was hastily formed to counter the threatened attack and defenders aided by a great storm were able to route the Muslim fleet at the battle of Ostia. In 813 Muslims attacked Civi Vecchia in the neighbourhood of Rome.

WESTERN COAST OF ITALY
The district of Genoa and Pisa were subject of constant attack form Sardinia particularly during the reign of Al-Mujahid.

NORTHERN ITALY
In 906 Muslims crossed French border at Mont Cenis made themselves masters of Novalese Abbey in Suse on the Piedmontese frontier. In 911 Muslims were masters of all the lines of communications between France and Italy. They made frequent descents into the plains of Piedmont and Montferrat. In 935 some adventurers from Africa attacked Montferrat, massacred the males and made it the centre of their numerous expeditions as well as place of refuge from the enemy. In the later period Italian coasts were the constant target of Muslim ravages.

Muslims conquered Piedmont, Montferrat and Liguria.

Al-Mujahid became the master of Denia and Balearic Islands and became terror to the Inhabitants of Corsica, Sardinia, Pisa and Genoa.

Turks about 1456 crossed the frontier of Italy and ravaged the region of Friuli in North East Italy. .

POLAND
Poland was under Muslim Rule when Golden Horde conquered Cracow and Rzeszow. It is probable that they controlled the area for about two centuries, 1272-1453. In 1672, Turkey attacked Poland and the city of Kaminiec, the capital of Podolia was captured.

The terror of Muslim invaders along the old Danube highway hang over Europe for centuries.

ROMANIA
The occupation of the country starts from 1393, When Silistra and Widdin were captured by Bayazid 1, Sultan of Turkey.

Mediterranean Sea and European Coasts
In 1538, the Turkish Navy defeated the combined naval force of Spain, Venice (Italy) and Pope, a number of times. This made them master of Mediterranean Sea. Muslims from North Africa ravaged the coasts of Spain, Italy and France and even occasionally of England and Ireland devastating the cities and villages and carrying away booty and captives. The city of Bristol in England used to be the main target. The coasts of Portugal at Madeira was roamed by Algerians even upto 1670.

What a glorious past of the ummah indeed

(remember the above quotes were written by a muslim historian)

Conquest of India Prior to the Day of Judgment

Another nugget from "the Glorious Past of the Muslims Ummah":

From:
http://www.islamicawakening.com/

Conquest of India Prior to the Day of Judgment: Conquest of India Prior to the Day of Judgment
'Ali Al-Timimi At-Tuwaijiri's Ithaf al-Jama'a, Vol. 1, pp. 365-366.

The latest conflict in Kashmir between the mujahideen and India brings to mind the ahadeeth regarding the conquest of India prior to the day of Judgment.

Thawban - may Allah be pleased with him - that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) said, "Two groups of my umma Allah has protected from the hellfire: a group that will conquer India and a group that will be with 'Isa b. Maryam - 'alaihimas- salat was-salam." Reported Ahmad, an-Nisa'i, and at-Tabarani.

Na'im b. Hammad in al-Fitan reports that Abu Huraira - may Allah be pleased with him - said that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) mentioned India and said, "A group of you will conquer India, Allah will open for them [India] until they come with its kings chained - Allah having forgiven their sins - when they return back [from India], they will find Ibn Maryam in Syria."

While Abu Huraira said, "The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) promised us the conquest of India. If I was to come across that I will spend my soul and wealth. If I am killed then I am among the best of martyrs. And if I return then I am Abu Huraira the freed." Reported by Ahmad, an-Nisa'i, and al-Hakim.

In another narration reported by Ahmad, Abu Huraira says, "I was told by my khalil, the truthful and believed in, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) that there will be in this umma an expedition sent to Sind and Hind (India) ... ."

The rest of the narration is the same but it has the following addition, "... then I will be released from the Hellfire." At-Tuwaijri remarks this addition explains what is meant by "the freed" above.

Historical background:

Ibn Kathir remarks in al-Bidaya wa n-Nihaya, "The Muslims invaded India during the days of Mu'awiya in the year 44 A.H and [great] events transpired then. And [likewise] the mighty and magnificent King Mahmud b. Subuktikin the ruler of Ghazna invaded the lands of India at the turn of the fifth century. He entered India and killed, took captive, [and] enslaved [many]. He took [muc] booty. He entered as-Sumanat (*) and destroyed the great al-Budda which they worship and he stripped it of its jewlery. He then returned [to Ghazna] safe, [Divinely-]aided, and victorious."

* as-Sumanat is a costal city where India's scholars, monks, and the idol al-Budda are found.

At-Tuwaijiri remarks that Ibn al-Athir has detailed the campaigns of Mahmud b. Subuktikin in his book al-Kamil fi t-Tarikh.

Offensive Jihad

Of course all the above is according to the islamic concept of 'offensive jihad' (as opposed to the other type of jihad which is 'defensive'):

From: JIHAAD AGAINST THE KUFFAR IS OF TWO TYPES
by Dr. Abdullah Azzaam: Offensive Jihaad (where the enemy is attacked in his own territory).

Where the Kuffar are not gathering to fight the Muslims. The fighting becomes Fard Kifaya with the minimum requirement of appointing believers to guard borders, and the sending of an army at least once a year to terrorize the enemies of Allah. It is a duty of upon the Imam to assemble and send out an army unit into the land of war once or twice every year. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the Muslim population to assist him, and if he does not send an army he is in sin.

And the Ulama have mentioned that this type of jihaad is for maintaining the payment of Jizya. The scholars of the principles of religion have also said: "Jihaad is Da'wah with a force, and is obligatory to perform with all available capabilities, until there remains only Muslims or people who submit to Islam."

From: The book of Miscellany - Chapter 49
Riyad-us-Saliheen
Compiled By Al-Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Sharaf An-Nawawi Ad-Dimashqi 390. `Abdullah bin `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "I have been commanded (by Allah) to fight people until they testify that there is no true god except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and perform Salat and pay Zakat. If they do so, they will have protection of their blood and property from me except when justified by Islam, and then account is left to Allah".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].

Commentary: This Hadith brings out the following .... points:

1. The objective of Jihad. This objective warrants that one must struggle against Kufr (disbelief) and Shirk (polytheism) and the worship of falsehood in all its forms. Jihad has to continue until this objective is achieved. This contention is supported by a Hadith, to the effect that Jihad will continue till the Day of Resurrection. In this Hadith the word (An-Nas) translated above as "people" stands for the polytheists and idolaters. The reason being that other Nasus (pl. of Nass, meaning `text') confirm the exemption of Ahl-ul-Kitab (people of the Scriptures) from it subject to the condition that they agree to pay Jizyah (dues imposed by Islam on the people of the Book living under the protection of an Islamic state) and submit to the Muslim rule.

The Arab pagans have only the choice to either embrace Islam or face war.

In the latter case, it is incumbent on the Muslims to wage Jihad against them to wipe out Kufr and Shirk and raise the banner of Tauhid everywhere.

This Hadith strongly refutes the people who distort the Islamic concept of Jihad and hold that Islam preaches defensive war only. It is an apologetic approach because defensive war has to be fought in any case by every nation and country. Thus, it is a compulsion and needs no justification. The real distinction of Islam lies in its enjoining Muslims to wage war for upholding the truth besides fighting for their own defense.

The domination of Kufr, Shirk and falsehood is darkness, heresy and tyranny, and the objective of Islam is to purge the world of all these evils. It aims at liberating man from the worship of man, set them on the path of worship of Allah, and to provide a just and equitable society to mankind.

Wherever in the world there is tyranny, ignorance and heresy, Muslims are bound to fight such evils and finish them by means of Jihad.

.....

The Holy verses commanding the Muslims to fight

More from "the Glorious Past of the Muslims Ummah":

From:
http://www.almuhajiroun.com/ (Brittish muslim site)

The Islamic Conquests to Spread Islam :
(some quotes) The mission of the Islamic nation in life is to carry the Message of Islam to the whole of mankind, therefore the Muslims had to be in touch with the world. The Islamic State was thus obliged to carry out this task which Islam has decreed in order to convey the Message. It was inevitable that the State would conquer other countries and achieve this with great success. These conquests were merely the implementation of an Islamic obligation, which is the conveying of Islam to people in a manner that would catch their imagination by implementing its rules on them and spreading its concepts among them. Therefore the Islamic conquests were not designed to exploit and colonise people, nor were they made to take advantage of the resources of their land. The only aim was to carry the Message of Islam to them in order to save them from the miserable lives that they were leading and the rotten regimes that they were ruled by. This is clearly apparent, for that is why the Islamic State was founded, the Islamic conquests carried out and Jihad decreed.

The Islamic State was established on a very strong basis, an establishment that saw it grow and expand, spread and conquer other countries.

The Messenger of Allah (SAW) had designed the plan of the conquests before his death.

His plan was also reflected in the launching of the raids of Mu'ta and Tabuk and in the preparing of Usama's army.

This necessitated the conquering of every country regardless of its poverty or wealth and regardless of the resistance put up by its people. The spreading of Islam and the carrying of its Message ignores the wealth or the poverty factor and the acceptance or the refusal of the people. The main aim is simply the conveying of Islam, to establish it as an intellectual leadership from which a way of life is derived. This Message should be carried to all mankind in all the countries.

The Holy verses came thick and fast commanding the Muslims to fight in the way of Islam.

"And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah" [TMQ; 8:39]

And He (SWT) says in Surah Al-Baqara:
"And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; But if they cease, let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression." [TMQ; 2:193]

Allah (SWT) says in Surah Al-Tawbah:
"Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which has been forbidden by Allah and His Apostle, nor acknowledge the Deen of truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued" [TMQ; 9:29]

These verses, among others, have commanded the Muslims to perform Jihad and indicated to Muslims the aim behind the conquests. It was these verses that motivated the Muslims to conquer other countries.

Muslim generals have never had unsuccessful visits

From:
General Musharraf's attempts to please Hindus
http://www.jamatdawa.org/english/articles/pakistan/agra_summit.htm

If only General Musharraf has studied the Muslim history, he would have known that how Muslims used to represent Islam in the courts of disbelievers. The first thing they always did was to invite the disbeliever ruler to Islam. Their visits were never unsuccessful. They invited disbelievers to Islam. If they rejected this invitation they waged Jihad to fulfill Allaah's commands. Muslim generals have never had unsuccessful visits. They always returned successful. They never needed any protocol or welcome. They had embraced Islam fully and they followed the injunctions earnestly. They deemed it a command of Allaah to clash with disbelievers and to shed blood for the dominance of Islam. This was the key to their success against the Christian, Persian and other empires.

The Legislation & The Beginning of Jihad

From:
The Legislation & The Beginning of Jihad
by Akram Diya al 'Umari
Professor of the History of the Sunnah, Graduate Department, Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia
http://www.bismikaallahuma.org/History/jihad-legislate.htm

The Legislation of Jihad
Jihad is an Islamic legal term meaning fighting in the way of Allah in order to establish a just system which upholds the laws of the Shariah and seeks to realize the aims of Islam on earth.

(Quote: )
Then came the third stage in which the Muslims were ordered to fight the Mushrikun and to initiate the fighting. This was to facilitate the spread of Islam by removing any obstacles placed in its path by the forces of Shirk (polytheism or idolatry), and to give the Muslims the upper hand in the world.

(Quote: )
Describing the Futuhat* as defensive is an apologetic attempt which does not stand up to serious argument. Did the people of Andalusia or Transoxiana cross the Muslims' borders in order to conquer them? Did securing the borders necessitate the Muslims' penetrating deeply into three continents, Asia, Europe and Africa, where dangerous events and decisive battles took place far from the Arabian Peninsula, such as the battle of Tours at Poitiers in the south of France, the conquest of Crete and southern Italy, the battle of Tiraz on the Talas river in Transoxiana, and finally the siege of Vienna?

The true explanation of the Futuhat is that they applied their religious duty which is Jihad, and which the Prophet(P) described as the pinnacle of Islam.

*Futuhat: 'liberation campaigns' resulting in the spread of Islam
Initiating fights?

Offensive 'liberation campaigns' into non-muslim areas, by battle & conquest, to forcefully 'liberate' the non-muslims from their un-islamicness?

How peacefull indeed...

Yep, it must be a myth, all those stories about muslims starting the fights ...

see also:
Offensive War to Spread Islam
http://www.hraic.org/offensive_war_to_spread_islam.html

(more will follow)

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"the Glorious Past of the Muslims Ummah" & Offensive Jihad

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"the Glorious Past of the Muslims Ummah"
&
Offensive Jihad