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THE TYPES OF ZIMMI (non-muslims)
1. Zimmi Al Shaghar (Zimmi by force)
Before we conquer land the Amir (of jihad) always sends people to call the others to Islam.
It is narrated by Bukhari and Muslim upon the authority of Buraida that 'The prophet never fought people until he called them to Islam'
Note: Since the British have already heard about Islam, the forthcoming Islamic state only needs to conquer it because they have already been called to Islam.
From: How Does Islam Classify Lands?
Upon the establishment of the Islamic state the whole world will potentially be Dar ul Harb outside of the state's frontiers, since the foreign policy of the Islamic State is aimed at conquering the world.(Dar ul Harb = House of War)
From: The Method of The Messenger (Saw) to Establish The Islamic State
It would be nice to think that in today's world the Muslims would come out on mass in the streets demanding the implementation of Islam and that the corrupt regimes will lay down and pass the power on, but in the absence of such a natural birth it is likely that the state will need the assistance of a sincere following from those of influence like the army.
From: Foreign Policy in Islam
5 Other supplimentary conditions(Ahl al-Baghi = people of rebellion)
If the state is established anywhere in the world the leader will give other Muslim leaders an ultimatum (as abu Bakr Sidique (ra) did i.e. either accept or we will fight you as Baghi. But some people must be killed anyway like when the Messenger Muhammad (saw) entered Mecca he said "kill 4 people when you enter Mecca even if they are holding onto the Kabah"
The building and repair of Churches
It is narrated in Baihaqi that the Messenger Muhammad (saw) said: "Do not participate in building their churches" hence people take this to say we can limit the number of churches they can build and they can maintain the old ones. The strongest opinion is that they can maintain old churches but not build new ones. We can allow them to construct or repair churches but the Muslims will not sell them stones to do so. What they do on their own land however will generally be allowed.
Imam Malik wanted them to finish slowly without harming them (by restricting the growth of Churches) so that they become Muslims or die out.
Distinction of the Zimmi
The Zimmi must be distinguished by certain signs to know that they are citizens but not Muslims. It is narrated in a Hadith that the Messenger Muhammad (saw) said "Allah (swt) distinguished you from non Muslims, do not look like them or let them look like you".
The distinction is a matter of flexibility for the Khalifah, in the Awami era it was a special belt, in the Abassid era it was an arm band and in the Othmani era it was a blue turban (with a red turban for the Muslims). Nowadays the way they are distinguished from us could be by ID cards or through finger prints or we could issue scarves and a khimar to Kufaar that are a certain colour.
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